一、述词的现在完成式的形式
我们来看下面的句子：
1. I have lived in Shenzhen for 10 years.
2. He has been in China since 2012.
上面两个句子的述词串是由 have 的一般现在式（have/has） + 主要述词的过去分词（或者叫完成分词，past participle）组成的。这样的结构我们可以称之为述词的现在完成式。
二、述词的现在完成式所表达的时间区间
3. Tom and Mary have been married for 14 years.
4. I have been in Shenzhen since I was 6 years old.
上面两个句子是用述词的现在完成式表达一件事从过去开始一直持续到现在。
5. I've read that book before.
6. He has written three books about how to cook.
上面两个句子是用述词的现在完成式表达至今为止的人生经历。
7. I've lost my phone. I can't call my relatives now.
8. Tom has gone shopping. He will be back soon.
上面两个句子是用述词的现在完成式表达过去发生的、对现在有重要影响的事情。
9. I'll keep searching until I have found my phone.
10. We'll begin our meeting when everyone has arrived.
上面两个句子是用述词的现在完成式表达将来会发生的事情。